Source code for shinken.webui.bottlecore

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Bottle is a fast and simple micro-framework for small web applications. It
offers request dispatching (Routes) with url parameter support, templates,
a built-in HTTP Server and adapters for many third party WSGI/HTTP-server and
template engines - all in a single file and with no dependencies other than the
Python Standard Library.

Homepage and documentation: http://bottlepy.org/

Copyright (c) 2011, Marcel Hellkamp.
License: MIT (see LICENSE.txt for details)
"""

from __future__ import with_statement

__author__ = 'Marcel Hellkamp'
__version__ = '0.10.dev'
__license__ = 'MIT'

import base64
import cgi
import email.utils
import functools
import hmac
import httplib
import imp
import itertools
import mimetypes
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import thread
import threading
import time
import warnings

from Cookie import SimpleCookie
from tempfile import TemporaryFile
from traceback import format_exc
from urllib import urlencode, quote as urlquote
from urlparse import urljoin, SplitResult as UrlSplitResult

try:
    from collections import MutableMapping as DictMixin
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    from UserDict import DictMixin

try:
    from urlparse import parse_qs
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    from cgi import parse_qs

try:
    import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    import pickle

try:
    from json import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    try:
        from simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        try:
            from django.utils.simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds
        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
            def json_dumps(data):
                raise ImportError("JSON support requires Python 2.6 or simplejson.")
            json_lds = json_dumps

py3k = sys.version_info >= (3, 0, 0)
NCTextIOWrapper = None

if py3k:  # pragma: no cover
    json_loads = lambda s: json_lds(touni(s))
    # See Request.POST
    from io import BytesIO


    def touni(x, enc='utf8', err='strict'):
        """ Convert anything to unicode """
        return str(x, enc, err) if isinstance(x, bytes) else str(x)
    if sys.version_info < (3, 2, 0):
        from io import TextIOWrapper


        class NCTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper):
            ''' Garbage collecting an io.TextIOWrapper(buffer) instance closes
                the wrapped buffer. This subclass keeps it open. '''

            def close(self):
                pass

else:
    json_loads = json_lds
    from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
    bytes = str


[docs] def touni(x, enc='utf8', err='strict'): """ Convert anything to unicode """ return x if isinstance(x, unicode) else unicode(str(x), enc, err)
[docs]def tob(data, enc='utf8'): """ Convert anything to bytes """ return data.encode(enc) if isinstance(data, unicode) else bytes(data) # Convert strings and unicode to native strings
if py3k: tonat = touni else: tonat = tob tonat.__doc__ = """ Convert anything to native strings """ # Backward compatibility
[docs]def depr(message, critical=False): if critical: raise DeprecationWarning(message) warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) # Small helpers
[docs]def makelist(data): if isinstance(data, (tuple, list, set, dict)): return list(data) elif data: return [data] else: return []
[docs]class DictProperty(object): ''' Property that maps to a key in a local dict-like attribute. ''' def __init__(self, attr, key=None, read_only=False): self.attr, self.key, self.read_only = attr, key, read_only def __call__(self, func): functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) self.getter, self.key = func, self.key or func.__name__ return self def __get__(self, obj, cls): if obj is None: return self key, storage = self.key, getattr(obj, self.attr) if key not in storage: storage[key] = self.getter(obj) return storage[key] def __set__(self, obj, value): if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key] = value def __delete__(self, obj): if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") del getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key]
[docs]def cached_property(func): ''' A property that, if accessed, replaces itself with the computed value. Subsequent accesses won't call the getter again. ''' return DictProperty('__dict__')(func)
[docs]class lazy_attribute(object): # Does not need configuration -> lower-case name ''' A property that caches itself to the class object. ''' def __init__(self, func): functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) self.getter = func def __get__(self, obj, cls): value = self.getter(cls) setattr(cls, self.__name__, value) return value
[docs]class HeaderProperty(object): def __init__(self, name, reader=None, writer=str, default=''): self.name, self.reader, self.writer, self.default = name, reader, writer, default self.__doc__ = 'Current value of the %r header.' % name.title() def __get__(self, obj, cls): if obj is None: return self value = obj.headers.get(self.name) return self.reader(value) if (value and self.reader) else (value or self.default) def __set__(self, obj, value): if self.writer: value = self.writer(value) obj.headers[self.name] = value def __delete__(self, obj): if self.name in obj.headers: del obj.headers[self.name] ############################################################################### # Exceptions and Events ######################################################## ###############################################################################
[docs]class BottleException(Exception): """ A base class for exceptions used by bottle. """ pass
[docs]class HTTPResponse(BottleException): """ Used to break execution and immediately finish the response """ def __init__(self, output='', status=200, header=None): super(BottleException, self).__init__("HTTP Response %d" % status) self.status = int(status) self.output = output self.headers = HeaderDict(header) if header else None
[docs] def apply(self, response): if self.headers: for key, value in self.headers.iterallitems(): response.headers[key] = value response.status = self.status
[docs]class HTTPError(HTTPResponse): """ Used to generate an error page """ def __init__(self, code=500, output='Unknown Error', exception=None, traceback=None, header=None): super(HTTPError, self).__init__(output, code, header) self.exception = exception self.traceback = traceback def __repr__(self): return template(ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE, e=self) ############################################################################### # Routing ###################################################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]class RouteError(BottleException): """ This is a base class for all routing related exceptions """
[docs]class RouteReset(BottleException): """ If raised by a plugin or request handler, the route is reset and all plugins are re-applied. """
[docs]class RouteSyntaxError(RouteError): """ The route parser found something not supported by this router """
[docs]class RouteBuildError(RouteError): """ The route could not been built """
[docs]class Router(object): ''' A Router is an ordered collection of route->target pairs. It is used to efficiently match WSGI requests against a number of routes and return the first target that satisfies the request. The target may be anything, usually a string, ID or callable object. A route consists of a path-rule and a HTTP method. The path-rule is either a static path (e.g. `/contact`) or a dynamic path that contains wildcards (e.g. `/wiki/:page`). By default, wildcards consume characters up to the next slash (`/`). To change that, you may add a regular expression pattern (e.g. `/wiki/:page#[a-z]+#`). For performance reasons, static routes (rules without wildcards) are checked first. Dynamic routes are searched in order. Try to avoid ambiguous or overlapping rules. The HTTP method string matches only on equality, with two exceptions: * ´GET´ routes also match ´HEAD´ requests if there is no appropriate ´HEAD´ route installed. * ´ANY´ routes do match if there is no other suitable route installed. An optional ``name`` parameter is used by :meth:`build` to identify routes. ''' default = '[^/]+' @lazy_attribute def syntax(cls): return re.compile(r'(?<!\\):([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)?(?:#(.*?)#)?') def __init__(self): self.routes = {} # A {rule: {method: target}} mapping self.rules = [] # An ordered list of rules self.named = {} # A name->(rule, build_info) mapping self.static = {} # Cache for static routes: {path: {method: target}} self.dynamic = [] # Cache for dynamic routes. See _compile()
[docs] def add(self, rule, method, target, name=None): ''' Add a new route or replace the target for an existing route. ''' if rule in self.routes: self.routes[rule][method.upper()] = target else: self.routes[rule] = {method.upper(): target} self.rules.append(rule) if self.static or self.dynamic: # Clear precompiler cache. self.static, self.dynamic = {}, {} if name: self.named[name] = (rule, None)
[docs] def build(self, _name, *anon, **args): ''' Return a string that matches a named route. Use keyword arguments to fill out named wildcards. Remaining arguments are appended as a query string. Raises RouteBuildError or KeyError.''' if _name not in self.named: raise RouteBuildError("No route with that name.", _name) rule, pairs = self.named[_name] if not pairs: token = self.syntax.split(rule) parts = [p.replace('\\:', ':') for p in token[::3]] names = token[1::3] if len(parts) > len(names): names.append(None) pairs = zip(parts, names) self.named[_name] = (rule, pairs) try: anon = list(anon) url = [s if k is None else s + str(args.pop(k)) if k else s + str(anon.pop()) for s, k in pairs] except IndexError: msg = "Not enough arguments to fill out anonymous wildcards." raise RouteBuildError(msg) except KeyError, e: raise RouteBuildError(*e.args) if args: url += ['?', urlencode(args)] return ''.join(url)
[docs] def match(self, environ): ''' Return a (target, url_agrs) tuple or raise HTTPError(404/405). ''' targets, urlargs = self._match_path(environ) if not targets: raise HTTPError(404, "Not found: " + repr(environ['PATH_INFO'])) method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].upper() if method in targets: return targets[method], urlargs if method == 'HEAD' and 'GET' in targets: return targets['GET'], urlargs if 'ANY' in targets: return targets['ANY'], urlargs allowed = [verb for verb in targets if verb != 'ANY'] if 'GET' in allowed and 'HEAD' not in allowed: allowed.append('HEAD') raise HTTPError(405, "Method not allowed.", header=[('Allow', ",".join(allowed))])
def _match_path(self, environ): ''' Optimized PATH_INFO matcher. ''' path = environ['PATH_INFO'] or '/' # Assume we are in a warm state. Search compiled rules first. match = self.static.get(path) if match: return match, {} for combined, rules in self.dynamic: match = combined.match(path) if not match: continue gpat, match = rules[match.lastindex - 1] return match, gpat(path).groupdict() if gpat else {} # Lazy-check if we are really in a warm state. If yes, stop here. if self.static or self.dynamic or not self.routes: return None, {} # Cold state: We have not compiled any rules yet. Do so and try again. if not environ.get('wsgi.run_once'): self._compile() return self._match_path(environ) # For run_once (CGI) environments, don't compile. Just check one by one. epath = path.replace(':', '\\:') # Turn path into its own static rule. match = self.routes.get(epath) # This returns static rule only. if match: return match, {} for rule in self.rules: #: Skip static routes to reduce re.compile() calls. if rule.count(':') < rule.count('\\:'): continue match = self._compile_pattern(rule).match(path) if match: return self.routes[rule], match.groupdict() return None, {} def _compile(self): ''' Prepare static and dynamic search structures. ''' self.static = {} self.dynamic = [] def fpat_sub(m): return m.group(0) if len(m.group(1)) % 2 else m.group(1) + '(?:' for rule in self.rules: target = self.routes[rule] if not self.syntax.search(rule): self.static[rule.replace('\\:', ':')] = target continue gpat = self._compile_pattern(rule) fpat = re.sub(r'(\\*)(\(\?P<[^>]*>|\((?!\?))', fpat_sub, gpat.pattern) gpat = gpat.match if gpat.groupindex else None try: combined = '%s|(%s)' % (self.dynamic[-1][0].pattern, fpat) self.dynamic[-1] = (re.compile(combined), self.dynamic[-1][1]) self.dynamic[-1][1].append((gpat, target)) except (AssertionError, IndexError), e: # AssertionError: Too many groups self.dynamic.append((re.compile('(^%s$)' % fpat), [(gpat, target)])) except re.error, e: raise RouteSyntaxError("Could not add Route: %s (%s)" % (rule, e)) def _compile_pattern(self, rule): ''' Return a regular expression with named groups for each wildcard. ''' out = '' for i, part in enumerate(self.syntax.split(rule)): if i % 3 == 0: out += re.escape(part.replace('\\:', ':')) elif i % 3 == 1: out += '(?P<%s>' % part if part else '(?:' else: out += '%s)' % (part or '[^/]+') return re.compile('^%s$' % out) ############################################################################### # Application Object ########################################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]class Bottle(object): """ WSGI application """ def __init__(self, catchall=True, autojson=True, config=None): """ Create a new bottle instance. You usually don't do that. Use `bottle.app.push()` instead. """ self.routes = [] # List of installed routes including metadata. self.router = Router() # Maps requests to self.route indices. self.ccache = {} # Cache for callbacks with plugins applied. self.plugins = [] # List of installed plugins. self.mounts = {} self.error_handler = {} #: If true, most exceptions are caught and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` self.catchall = catchall self.config = config or {} self.serve = True # Default plugins self.hooks = self.install(HooksPlugin()) if autojson: self.install(JSONPlugin()) self.install(TemplatePlugin())
[docs] def mount(self, app, prefix, **options): ''' Mount an application to a specific URL prefix. The prefix is added to SCIPT_PATH and removed from PATH_INFO before the sub-application is called.:param app: an instance of :class:`Bottle`.:param prefix: path prefix used as a mount-point. All other parameters are passed to the underlying :meth:`route` call. ''' if not isinstance(app, Bottle): raise TypeError('Only Bottle instances are supported for now.') prefix = '/'.join(filter(None, prefix.split('/'))) if not prefix: raise TypeError('Empty prefix. Perhaps you want a merge()?') for other in self.mounts: if other.startswith(prefix): raise TypeError('Conflict with existing mount: %s' % other) path_depth = prefix.count('/') + 1 options.setdefault('method', 'ANY') options.setdefault('skip', True) self.mounts[prefix] = app @self.route('/%s/:#.*#' % prefix, **options) def mountpoint(): request.path_shift(path_depth) return app._handle(request.environ)
[docs] def install(self, plugin): ''' Add a plugin to the list of plugins and prepare it for being applied to all routes of this application. A plugin may be a simple decorator or an object that implements the :class:`Plugin` API. ''' if hasattr(plugin, 'setup'): plugin.setup(self) if not callable(plugin) and not hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): raise TypeError("Plugins must be callable or implement .apply()") self.plugins.append(plugin) self.reset() return plugin
[docs] def uninstall(self, plugin): ''' Uninstall plugins. Pass an instance to remove a specific plugin. Pass a type object to remove all plugins that match that type. Subclasses are not removed. Pass a string to remove all plugins with a matching ``name`` attribute. Pass ``True`` to remove all plugins. The list of affected plugins is returned. ''' removed, remove = [], plugin for i, plugin in list(enumerate(self.plugins))[::-1]: if remove is True or remove is plugin or remove is type(plugin) \ or getattr(plugin, 'name', True) == remove: removed.append(plugin) del self.plugins[i] if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() if removed: self.reset() return removed
[docs] def reset(self, id=None): ''' Reset all routes (force plugins to be re-applied) and clear all caches. If an ID is given, only that specific route is affected. ''' if id is None: self.ccache.clear() else: self.ccache.pop(id, None) if DEBUG: for route in self.routes: if route['id'] not in self.ccache: self.ccache[route['id']] = self._build_callback(route)
[docs] def close(self): ''' Close the application and all installed plugins. ''' for plugin in self.plugins: if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() self.stopped = True
[docs] def match(self, environ): """ (deprecated) Search for a matching route and return a (callback, urlargs) tuple. The first element is the associated route callback with plugins applied. The second value is a dictionary with parameters extracted from the URL. The :class:`Router` raises :exc:`HTTPError` (404/405) on a non-match.""" depr("This method will change semantics in 0.10.") return self._match(environ)
def _match(self, environ): handle, args = self.router.match(environ) environ['route.handle'] = handle # TODO move to router? environ['route.url_args'] = args try: return self.ccache[handle], args except KeyError: config = self.routes[handle] callback = self.ccache[handle] = self._build_callback(config) return callback, args def _build_callback(self, config): ''' Apply plugins to a route and return a new callable. ''' wrapped = config['callback'] plugins = self.plugins + config['apply'] skip = config['skip'] try: for plugin in reversed(plugins): if True in skip: break if plugin in skip or type(plugin) in skip: continue if getattr(plugin, 'name', True) in skip: continue if hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): wrapped = plugin.apply(wrapped, config) else: wrapped = plugin(wrapped) if not wrapped: break functools.update_wrapper(wrapped, config['callback']) return wrapped except RouteReset: # A plugin may have changed the config dict inplace. return self._build_callback(config) # Apply all plugins again.
[docs] def get_url(self, routename, **kargs): """ Return a string that matches a named route """ scriptname = request.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + '/' location = self.router.build(routename, **kargs).lstrip('/') return urljoin(urljoin('/', scriptname), location)
[docs] def route(self, path=None, method='GET', callback=None, name=None, apply=None, skip=None, **config): """ A decorator to bind a function to a request URL. Example:: @app.route('/hello/:name') def hello(name): return 'Hello %s' % name The ``:name`` part is a wildcard. See :class:`Router` for syntax details.:param path: Request path or a list of paths to listen to. If no path is specified, it is automatically generated from the signature of the function.:param method: HTTP method (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, ...) or a list of methods to listen to. (default: `GET`):param callback: An optional shortcut to avoid the decorator syntax. ``route(..., callback=func)`` equals ``route(...)(func)``:param name: The name for this route. (default: None):param apply: A decorator or plugin or a list of plugins. These are applied to the route callback in addition to installed plugins.:param skip: A list of plugins, plugin classes or names. Matching plugins are not installed to this route. ``True`` skips all. Any additional keyword arguments are stored as route-specific configuration and passed to plugins (see :meth:`Plugin.apply`). """ if callable(path): path, callback = None, path plugins = makelist(apply) skiplist = makelist(skip) def decorator(callback): for rule in makelist(path) or yieldroutes(callback): for verb in makelist(method): verb = verb.upper() cfg = dict(rule=rule, method=verb, callback=callback, name=name, app=self, config=config, apply=plugins, skip=skiplist) self.routes.append(cfg) cfg['id'] = self.routes.index(cfg) self.router.add(rule, verb, cfg['id'], name=name) if DEBUG: self.ccache[cfg['id']] = self._build_callback(cfg) return callback return decorator(callback) if callback else decorator
[docs] def get(self, path=None, method='GET', **options): """ Equals :meth:`route`. """ return self.route(path, method, **options)
[docs] def post(self, path=None, method='POST', **options): """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``POST`` method parameter. """ return self.route(path, method, **options)
[docs] def put(self, path=None, method='PUT', **options): """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``PUT`` method parameter. """ return self.route(path, method, **options)
[docs] def delete(self, path=None, method='DELETE', **options): """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``DELETE`` method parameter. """ return self.route(path, method, **options)
[docs] def error(self, code=500): """ Decorator: Register an output handler for a HTTP error code""" def wrapper(handler): self.error_handler[int(code)] = handler return handler return wrapper
[docs] def hook(self, name): """ Return a decorator that attaches a callback to a hook. """ def wrapper(func): self.hooks.add(name, func) return func return wrapper
[docs] def handle(self, path, method='GET'): """ (deprecated) Execute the first matching route callback and return the result. :exc:`HTTPResponse` exceptions are caught and returned. If :attr:`Bottle.catchall` is true, other exceptions are caught as well and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` instances (500). """ depr("This method will change semantics in 0.10. Try to avoid it.") if isinstance(path, dict): return self._handle(path) return self._handle({'PATH_INFO': path, 'REQUEST_METHOD': method.upper()})
def _handle(self, environ): if not self.serve: depr("Bottle.serve will be removed in 0.10.") return HTTPError(503, "Server stopped") try: callback, args = self._match(environ) return callback(**args) except HTTPResponse, r: return r except RouteReset: # Route reset requested by the callback or a plugin. del self.ccache[environ['route.handle']] return self._handle(environ) # Try again. except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): raise except Exception, e: if not self.catchall: raise stacktrace = format_exc(10) environ['wsgi.errors'].write(stacktrace) return HTTPError(500, "Internal Server Error", e, stacktrace) def _cast(self, out, request, response, peek=None): """ Try to convert the parameter into something WSGI compatible and set correct HTTP headers when possible. Support: False, str, unicode, dict, HTTPResponse, HTTPError, file-like, iterable of strings and iterable of unicodes """ # Empty output is done here if not out: response['Content-Length'] = 0 return [] # Join lists of byte or unicode strings. Mixed lists are NOT supported if isinstance(out, (tuple, list))\ and isinstance(out[0], (bytes, unicode)): out = out[0][0:0].join(out) # b'abc'[0:0] -> b'' # Encode unicode strings if isinstance(out, unicode): out = out.encode(response.charset) # Byte Strings are just returned if isinstance(out, bytes): response['Content-Length'] = len(out) return [out] # HTTPError or HTTPException (recursive, because they may wrap anything) # TODO: Handle these explicitly in handle() or make them iterable. if isinstance(out, HTTPError): out.apply(response) out = self.error_handler.get(out.status, repr)(out) if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): depr('Error handlers must not return :exc:`HTTPResponse`.') # 0.9 return self._cast(out, request, response) if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): out.apply(response) return self._cast(out.output, request, response) # File-like objects. if hasattr(out, 'read'): if 'wsgi.file_wrapper' in request.environ: return request.environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](out) elif hasattr(out, 'close') or not hasattr(out, '__iter__'): return WSGIFileWrapper(out) # Handle Iterables. We peek into them to detect their inner type. try: out = iter(out) first = out.next() while not first: first = out.next() except StopIteration: return self._cast('', request, response) except HTTPResponse, e: first = e except Exception, e: first = HTTPError(500, 'Unhandled exception', e, format_exc(10)) if isinstance(e, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError))\ or not self.catchall: raise # These are the inner types allowed in iterator or generator objects. if isinstance(first, HTTPResponse): return self._cast(first, request, response) if isinstance(first, bytes): return itertools.chain([first], out) if isinstance(first, unicode): return itertools.imap(lambda x: x.encode(response.charset), itertools.chain([first], out)) return self._cast(HTTPError(500, 'Unsupported response type: %s' % type(first)), request, response)
[docs] def wsgi(self, environ, start_response): """ The bottle WSGI-interface. """ try: environ['bottle.app'] = self request.bind(environ) response.bind() out = self._cast(self._handle(environ), request, response) # rfc2616 section 4.3 if response.status_code in (100, 101, 204, 304)\ or request.method == 'HEAD': if hasattr(out, 'close'): out.close() out = [] start_response(response.status_line, list(response.iter_headers())) return out except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): raise except Exception, e: if not self.catchall: raise err = '<h1>Critical error while processing request: %s</h1>' \ % environ.get('PATH_INFO', '/') if DEBUG: err += '<h2>Error:</h2>\n<pre>%s</pre>\n' % repr(e) err += '<h2>Traceback:</h2>\n<pre>%s</pre>\n' % format_exc(10) environ['wsgi.errors'].write(err) # TODO: wsgi.error should not get html start_response('500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) return [tob(err)]
def __call__(self, environ, start_response): return self.wsgi(environ, start_response) ############################################################################### # HTTP and WSGI Tools ########################################################## ###############################################################################
[docs]class BaseRequest(DictMixin): """ A wrapper for WSGI environment dictionaries that adds a lot of convenient access methods and properties. Most of them are read-only.""" #: Maximum size of memory buffer for :attr:`body` in bytes. # SHINKEN: *1000 MEMFILE_MAX = 1024000000 def __init__(self, environ): """ Wrap a WSGI environ dictionary. """ #: The wrapped WSGI environ dictionary. This is the only real attribute. #: All other attributes actually are read-only properties. self.environ = environ environ['bottle.request'] = self @property def path(self): ''' The value of ``PATH_INFO`` with exactly one prefixed slash (to fix broken clients and avoid the "empty path" edge case). ''' return '/' + self.environ.get('PATH_INFO', '').lstrip('/') @property def method(self): ''' The ``REQUEST_METHOD`` value as an uppercase string. ''' return self.environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET').upper() @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.headers', read_only=True)
[docs] def headers(self): ''' A :class:`WSGIHeaderDict` that provides case-insensitive access to HTTP request headers. ''' return WSGIHeaderDict(self.environ)
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.cookies', read_only=True)
[docs] def cookies(self): """ Cookies parsed into a dictionary. Signed cookies are NOT decoded. Use :meth:`get_cookie` if you expect signed cookies. """ raw_dict = SimpleCookie(self.environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE', '')) cookies = {} for cookie in raw_dict.itervalues(): cookies[cookie.key] = cookie.value return cookies
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.query', read_only=True)
[docs] def query(self): ''' The :attr:`query_string` parsed into a :class:`MultiDict`. These values are sometimes called "URL arguments" or "GET parameters", but not to be confused with "URL wildcards" as they are provided by the :class:`Router`. ''' data = parse_qs(self.query_string, keep_blank_values=True) get = self.environ['bottle.get'] = MultiDict() for key, values in data.iteritems(): for value in values: get[key] = value return get
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.forms', read_only=True)
[docs] def forms(self): """ Form values parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` encoded POST or PUT request body. The result is returned as a :class:`MultiDict`. All keys and values are strings. File uploads are stored separately in :attr:`files`. """ forms = MultiDict() for name, item in self.POST.iterallitems(): if not hasattr(item, 'filename'): forms[name] = item return forms
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.params', read_only=True)
[docs] def params(self): """ A :class:`MultiDict` with the combined values of :attr:`query` and :attr:`forms`. File uploads are stored in :attr:`files`. """ params = MultiDict() for key, value in self.query.iterallitems(): params[key] = value for key, value in self.forms.iterallitems(): params[key] = value return params
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.files', read_only=True)
[docs] def files(self): """ File uploads parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` encoded POST or PUT request body. The values are instances of :class:`cgi.FieldStorage`. The most important attributes are: filename The filename, if specified; otherwise None; this is the client side filename, *not* the file name on which it is stored (that's a temporary file you don't deal with) file The file(-like) object from which you can read the data. value The value as a *string*; for file uploads, this transparently reads the file every time you request the value. Do not do this on big files. """ files = MultiDict() for name, item in self.POST.iterallitems(): if hasattr(item, 'filename'): files[name] = item return files
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.json', read_only=True)
[docs] def json(self): ''' If the ``Content-Type`` header is ``application/json``, this property holds the parsed content of the request body. Only requests smaller than :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX` are processed to avoid memory exhaustion. ''' if self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE') == 'application/json' \ and 0 < self.content_length < self.MEMFILE_MAX: return json_loads(self.body.read(self.MEMFILE_MAX)) return None
@DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.body', read_only=True) def _body(self): maxread = max(0, self.content_length) stream = self.environ['wsgi.input'] body = BytesIO() if maxread < self.MEMFILE_MAX else TemporaryFile(mode='w+b') while maxread > 0: part = stream.read(min(maxread, self.MEMFILE_MAX)) if not part: break body.write(part) maxread -= len(part) self.environ['wsgi.input'] = body body.seek(0) return body @property def body(self): """ The HTTP request body as a seek-able file-like object. Depending on :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX`, this is either a temporary file or a :class:`io.BytesIO` instance. Accessing this property for the first time reads and replaces the ``wsgi.input`` environ variable. Subsequent accesses just do a `seek(0)` on the file object. """ self._body.seek(0) return self._body #: An alias for :attr:`query`. GET = query @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.post', read_only=True)
[docs] def POST(self): """ The values of :attr:`forms` and :attr:`files` combined into a single :class:`MultiDict`. Values are either strings (form values) or instances of :class:`cgi.FieldStorage` (file uploads). """ post = MultiDict() safe_env = {'QUERY_STRING': ''} # Build a safe environment for cgi for key in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH'): if key in self.environ: safe_env[key] = self.environ[key] if NCTextIOWrapper: fb = NCTextIOWrapper(self.body, encoding='ISO-8859-1', newline='\n') else: fb = self.body data = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=fb, environ=safe_env, keep_blank_values=True) for item in data.list or []: post[item.name] = item if item.filename else item.value return post
@property def COOKIES(self): ''' Alias for :attr:`cookies` (deprecated). ''' depr('BaseRequest.COOKIES was renamed to BaseRequest.cookies (lowercase).') return self.cookies @property def url(self): """ The full request URI including hostname and scheme. If your app lives behind a reverse proxy or load balancer and you get confusing results, make sure that the ``X-Forwarded-Host`` header is set correctly. """ return self.urlparts.geturl() @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.urlparts', read_only=True)
[docs] def urlparts(self): ''' The :attr:`url` string as an :class:`urlparse.SplitResult` tuple. The tuple contains (scheme, host, path, query_string and fragment), but the fragment is always empty because it is not visible to the server. ''' env = self.environ http = env.get('wsgi.url_scheme', 'http') host = env.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST') or env.get('HTTP_HOST') if not host: # HTTP 1.1 requires a Host-header. This is for HTTP/1.0 clients. host = env.get('SERVER_NAME', '127.0.0.1') port = env.get('SERVER_PORT') if port and port != ('80' if http == 'http' else '443'): host += ':' + port path = urlquote(self.fullpath) return UrlSplitResult(http, host, path, env.get('QUERY_STRING'), '')
@property def fullpath(self): """ Request path including :attr:`script_name` (if present). """ return urljoin(self.script_name, self.path.lstrip('/')) @property def query_string(self): """ The raw :attr:`query` part of the URL (everything in between ``?`` and ``#``) as a string. """ return self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '') @property def script_name(self): ''' The initial portion of the URL's `path` that was removed by a higher level (server or routing middleware) before the application was called. This property returns an empty string, or a path with leading and tailing slashes. ''' script_name = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') return '/' + script_name + '/' if script_name else '/'
[docs] def path_shift(self, shift=1): ''' Shift path segments from :attr:`path` to :attr:`script_name` and vice versa.:param shift: The number of path segments to shift. May be negative to change the shift direction. (default: 1) ''' script = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '/') self['SCRIPT_NAME'], self['PATH_INFO'] = path_shift(script, self.path, shift)
@property def content_length(self): ''' The request body length as an integer. The client is responsible to set this header. Otherwise, the real length of the body is unknown and -1 is returned. In this case, :attr:`body` will be empty. ''' return int(self.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH') or -1) @property def is_xhr(self): ''' True if the request was triggered by a XMLHttpRequest. This only works with JavaScript libraries that support the `X-Requested-With` header (most of the popular libraries do). ''' requested_with = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH', '') return requested_with.lower() == 'xmlhttprequest' @property def is_ajax(self): ''' Alias for :attr:`is_xhr`. "Ajax" is not the right term. ''' return self.is_xhr @property def auth(self): """ HTTP authentication data as a (user, password) tuple. This implementation currently supports basic (not digest) authentication only. If the authentication happened at a higher level (e.g. in the front web-server or a middleware), the password field is None, but the user field is looked up from the ``REMOTE_USER`` environ variable. On any errors, None is returned. """ basic = parse_auth(self.environ.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', '')) if basic: return basic ruser = self.environ.get('REMOTE_USER') if ruser: return (ruser, None) return None @property def remote_route(self): """ A list of all IPs that were involved in this request, starting with the client IP and followed by zero or more proxies. This does only work if all proxies support the ```X-Forwarded-For`` header. Note that this information can be forged by malicious clients. """ proxy = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') if proxy: return [ip.strip() for ip in proxy.split(',')] remote = self.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') return [remote] if remote else [] @property def remote_addr(self): """ The client IP as a string. Note that this information can be forged by malicious clients. """ route = self.remote_route return route[0] if route else None
[docs] def copy(self): """ Return a new :class:`Request` with a shallow :attr:`environ` copy. """ return Request(self.environ.copy())
def __getitem__(self, key): return self.environ[key] def __delitem__(self, key): self[key] = "" del(self.environ[key]) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.environ) def __len__(self): return len(self.environ)
[docs] def keys(self): return self.environ.keys()
def __setitem__(self, key, value): """ Change an environ value and clear all caches that depend on it. """ if self.environ.get('bottle.request.readonly'): raise KeyError('The environ dictionary is read-only.') self.environ[key] = value todelete = () if key == 'wsgi.input': todelete = ('body', 'forms', 'files', 'params', 'post', 'json') elif key == 'QUERY_STRING': todelete = ('query', 'params') elif key.startswith('HTTP_'): todelete = ('headers', 'cookies') for key in todelete: self.environ.pop('bottle.request.' + key, None)
[docs]class LocalRequest(BaseRequest, threading.local): ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseRequest`. ''' def __init__(self): pass bind = BaseRequest.__init__
Request = LocalRequest def _hkey(s): return s.title().replace('_', '-')
[docs]class BaseResponse(object): """ Storage class for a response body as well as headers and cookies. This class does support dict-like case-insensitive item-access to headers, but is NOT a dict. Most notably, iterating over a response yields parts of the body and not the headers. """ default_status = 200 default_content_type = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' #: Header blacklist for specific response codes #: (rfc2616 section 10.2.3 and 10.3.5) bad_headers = { 204: set(('Content-Type',)), 304: set(('Allow', 'Content-Encoding', 'Content-Language', 'Content-Length', 'Content-Range', 'Content-Type', 'Content-Md5', 'Last-Modified'))} def __init__(self, body='', status=None, **headers): #: The HTTP status code as an integer (e.g. 404). #: Do not change it directly, see :attr:`status`. self.status_code = None #: The HTTP status line as a string (e.g. "404 Not Found"). #: Do not change it directly, see :attr:`status`. self.status_line = None #: The response body as one of the supported data types. self.body = body self._cookies = None self._headers = {'Content-Type': [self.default_content_type]} self.status = status or self.default_status if headers: for name, value in headers.items(): self[name] = value
[docs] def copy(self): ''' Returns a copy of self. ''' copy = Response() copy.status = self.status copy._headers = dict((k, v[:]) for (k, v) in self._headers.items()) return copy
def __iter__(self): return iter(self.body)
[docs] def close(self): if hasattr(self.body, 'close'): self.body.close()
def _set_status(self, status): if isinstance(status, int): code, status = status, _HTTP_STATUS_LINES.get(status) elif ' ' in status: status = status.strip() code = int(status.split()[0]) else: raise ValueError('String status line without a reason phrase.') if not 100 <= code <= 999: raise ValueError('Status code out of range.') self.status_code = code self.status_line = status or ('%d Unknown' % code) status = property(lambda self: self.status_code, _set_status, None, ''' A writeable property to change the HTTP response status. It accepts either a numeric code (100-999) or a string with a custom reason phrase (e.g. "404 Brain not found"). Both :data:`status_line` and :data:`status_line` are updates accordingly. The return value is always a numeric code. ''') del _set_status @property def headers(self): ''' An instance of :class:`HeaderDict`, a case-insensitive dict-like view on the response headers. ''' self.__dict__['headers'] = hdict = HeaderDict() hdict.dict = self._headers return hdict def __contains__(self, name): return _hkey(name) in self._headers def __delitem__(self, name): del self._headers[_hkey(name)] def __getitem__(self, name): return self._headers[_hkey(name)][-1] def __setitem__(self, name, value): self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)]
[docs] def get_header(self, name, default=None): ''' Return the value of a previously defined header. If there is no header with that name, return a default value. ''' return self._headers.get(_hkey(name), [default])[-1]
[docs] def set_header(self, name, value, append=False): ''' Create a new response header, replacing any previously defined headers with the same name. This equals ``response[name] = value``.:param append: Do not delete previously defined headers. This can result in two (or more) headers having the same name. ''' if append: self._headers.setdefault(_hkey(name), []).append(str(value)) else: self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)]
[docs] def iter_headers(self): ''' Yield (header, value) tuples, skipping headers that are not allowed with the current response status code. ''' headers = self._headers.iteritems() bad_headers = self.bad_headers.get(self.status_code) if bad_headers: headers = (h for h in headers if h[0] not in bad_headers) for name, values in headers: for value in values: yield name, value if self._cookies: for c in self._cookies.values(): yield 'Set-Cookie', c.OutputString()
[docs] def wsgiheader(self): depr('The wsgiheader method is deprecated. See headerlist.') # 0.10 return self.headerlist
@property def headerlist(self): ''' WSGI conform list of (header, value) tuples. ''' return list(self.iter_headers()) content_type = HeaderProperty('Content-Type') content_length = HeaderProperty('Content-Length', reader=int) @property def charset(self): """ Return the charset specified in the content-type header (default: utf8). """ if 'charset=' in self.content_type: return self.content_type.split('charset=')[-1].split(';')[0].strip() return 'UTF-8' @property def COOKIES(self): """ A dict-like SimpleCookie instance. This should not be used directly. See :meth:`set_cookie`. """ depr('The COOKIES dict is deprecated. Use `set_cookie()` instead.') # 0.10 if not self._cookies: self._cookies = SimpleCookie() return self._cookies
[docs]class LocalResponse(BaseResponse, threading.local): ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseResponse`. ''' bind = BaseResponse.__init__
Response = LocalResponse ############################################################################### # Plugins ###################################################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]class JSONPlugin(object): name = 'json' def __init__(self, json_dumps=json_dumps): self.json_dumps = json_dumps
[docs] def apply(self, callback, context): dumps = self.json_dumps if not dumps: return callback def wrapper(*a, **ka): rv = callback(*a, **ka) if isinstance(rv, dict): response.content_type = 'application/json' return dumps(rv) return rv return wrapper
[docs]class HooksPlugin(object): name = 'hooks' def __init__(self): self.hooks = {'before_request': [], 'after_request': []} self.app = None def _empty(self): return not (self.hooks['before_request'] or self.hooks['after_request'])
[docs] def setup(self, app): self.app = app
[docs] def add(self, name, func): ''' Attach a callback to a hook. ''' if name not in self.hooks: raise ValueError("Unknown hook name %s" % name) was_empty = self._empty() self.hooks[name].append(func) if self.app and was_empty and not self._empty(): self.app.reset()
[docs] def remove(self, name, func): ''' Remove a callback from a hook. ''' if name not in self.hooks: raise ValueError("Unknown hook name %s" % name) was_empty = self._empty() self.hooks[name].remove(func) if self.app and not was_empty and self._empty(): self.app.reset()
[docs] def apply(self, callback, context): if self._empty(): return callback before_request = self.hooks['before_request'] after_request = self.hooks['after_request'] def wrapper(*a, **ka): for hook in before_request: hook() rv = callback(*a, **ka) for hook in after_request[::-1]: hook() return rv return wrapper
[docs]class TypeFilterPlugin(object): def __init__(self): self.filter = [] self.app = None
[docs] def setup(self, app): self.app = app
[docs] def add(self, ftype, func): if not isinstance(ftype, type): raise TypeError("Expected type object, got %s" % type(ftype)) self.filter = [(t, f) for (t, f) in self.filter if t != ftype] self.filter.append((ftype, func)) if len(self.filter) == 1 and self.app: self.app.reset()
[docs] def apply(self, callback, context): filter = self.filter if not filter: return callback def wrapper(*a, **ka): rv = callback(*a, **ka) for testtype, filterfunc in filter: if isinstance(rv, testtype): rv = filterfunc(rv) return rv return wrapper
[docs]class TemplatePlugin(object): ''' This plugin applies the :func:`view` decorator to all routes with a `template` config parameter. If the parameter is a tuple, the second element must be a dict with additional options (e.g. `template_engine`) or default variables for the template. ''' name = 'template'
[docs] def apply(self, callback, context): conf = context['config'].get('template') if isinstance(conf, (tuple, list)) and len(conf) == 2: return view(conf[0], **conf[1])(callback) elif isinstance(conf, str) and 'template_opts' in context['config']: depr('The `template_opts` parameter is deprecated.') # 0.9 return view(conf, **context['config']['template_opts'])(callback) elif isinstance(conf, str): return view(conf)(callback) else: return callback #: Not a plugin, but part of the plugin API. TODO: Find a better place.
class _ImportRedirect(object): def __init__(self, name, impmask): ''' Create a virtual package that redirects imports (see PEP 302). ''' self.name = name self.impmask = impmask self.module = sys.modules.setdefault(name, imp.new_module(name)) self.module.__dict__.update({'__file__': '<virtual>', '__path__': [], '__all__': [], '__loader__': self}) sys.meta_path.append(self) def find_module(self, fullname, path=None): if '.' not in fullname: return packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) if packname != self.name: return return self def load_module(self, fullname): if fullname in sys.modules: return sys.modules[fullname] packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) realname = self.impmask % modname __import__(realname) module = sys.modules[fullname] = sys.modules[realname] setattr(self.module, modname, module) module.__loader__ = self return module ############################################################################### # Common Utilities ############################################################# ###############################################################################
[docs]class MultiDict(DictMixin): """ This dict stores multiple values per key, but behaves exactly like a normal dict in that it returns only the newest value for any given key. There are special methods available to access the full list of values. """ def __init__(self, *a, **k): self.dict = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in dict(*a, **k).iteritems()) def __len__(self): return len(self.dict) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.dict) def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.dict def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[key] def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[key][-1] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.append(key, value)
[docs] def iterkeys(self): return self.dict.iterkeys()
[docs] def itervalues(self): return (v[-1] for v in self.dict.itervalues())
[docs] def iteritems(self): return ((k, v[-1]) for (k, v) in self.dict.iteritems())
[docs] def iterallitems(self): for key, values in self.dict.iteritems(): for value in values: yield key, value # 2to3 is not able to fix these automatically.
keys = iterkeys if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iterkeys()) values = itervalues if py3k else lambda self: list(self.itervalues()) items = iteritems if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iteritems()) allitems = iterallitems if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iterallitems())
[docs] def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1): ''' Return the current value for a key. The third `index` parameter defaults to -1 (last value). ''' if key in self.dict or default is KeyError: return self.dict[key][index] return default
[docs] def append(self, key, value): ''' Add a new value to the list of values for this key. ''' self.dict.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
[docs] def replace(self, key, value): ''' Replace the list of values with a single value. ''' self.dict[key] = [value]
[docs] def getall(self, key): ''' Return a (possibly empty) list of values for a key. ''' return self.dict.get(key) or []
[docs]class HeaderDict(MultiDict): """ A case-insensitive version of :class:`MultiDict` that defaults to replace the old value instead of appending it. """ def __init__(self, *a, **ka): self.dict = {} if a or ka: self.update(*a, **ka) def __contains__(self, key): return _hkey(key) in self.dict def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[_hkey(key)] def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[_hkey(key)][-1] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)]
[docs] def append(self, key, value): self.dict.setdefault(_hkey(key), []).append(str(value))
[docs] def replace(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)]
[docs] def getall(self, key): return self.dict.get(_hkey(key)) or []
[docs] def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1): return MultiDict.get(self, _hkey(key), default, index)
[docs] def filter(self, names): for name in map(_hkey, names): if name in self.dict: del self.dict[name]
[docs]class WSGIHeaderDict(DictMixin): ''' This dict-like class wraps a WSGI environ dict and provides convenient access to HTTP_* fields. Keys and values are native strings (2.x bytes or 3.x unicode) and keys are case-insensitive. If the WSGI environment contains non-native string values, these are de- or encoded using a lossless 'latin1' character set. The API will remain stable even on changes to the relevant PEPs. Currently PEP 333, 444 and 3333 are supported. (PEP 444 is the only one that uses non-native strings.) ''' #: List of keys that do not have a 'HTTP_' prefix. cgikeys = ('CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH') def __init__(self, environ): self.environ = environ def _ekey(self, key): ''' Translate header field name to CGI/WSGI environ key. ''' key = key.replace('-', '_').upper() if key in self.cgikeys: return key return 'HTTP_' + key
[docs] def raw(self, key, default=None): ''' Return the header value as is (may be bytes or unicode). ''' return self.environ.get(self._ekey(key), default)
def __getitem__(self, key): return tonat(self.environ[self._ekey(key)], 'latin1') def __setitem__(self, key, value): raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) def __delitem__(self, key): raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) def __iter__(self): for key in self.environ: if key[:5] == 'HTTP_': yield key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() elif key in self.cgikeys: yield key.replace('_', '-').title()
[docs] def keys(self): return list(self)
def __len__(self): return len(list(self)) def __contains__(self, key): return self._ekey(key) in self.environ
[docs]class AppStack(list): """ A stack-like list. Calling it returns the head of the stack. """ def __call__(self): """ Return the current default application. """ return self[-1]
[docs] def push(self, value=None): """ Add a new :class:`Bottle` instance to the stack """ if not isinstance(value, Bottle): value = Bottle() self.append(value) return value
[docs]class WSGIFileWrapper(object): def __init__(self, fp, buffer_size=1024 * 64): self.fp, self.buffer_size = fp, buffer_size for attr in ('fileno', 'close', 'read', 'readlines'): if hasattr(fp, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(fp, attr)) def __iter__(self): read, buff = self.fp.read, self.buffer_size while True: part = read(buff) if not part: break yield part ############################################################################### # Application Helper ########################################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]def abort(code=500, text='Unknown Error: Application stopped.'): """ Aborts execution and causes a HTTP error. """ raise HTTPError(code, text)
[docs]def redirect(url, code=303): """ Aborts execution and causes a 303 redirect. """ location = urljoin(request.url, url) raise HTTPResponse("", status=code, header=dict(Location=location))
[docs]def static_file(filename, root, mimetype='auto', download=False): """ Open a file in a safe way and return :exc:`HTTPResponse` with status code 200, 305, 401 or 404. Set Content-Type, Content-Encoding, Content-Length and Last-Modified header. Obey If-Modified-Since header and HEAD requests. """ root = os.path.abspath(root) + os.sep filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root, filename.strip('/\\'))) header = dict() if not filename.startswith(root): return HTTPError(403, "Access denied.") if not os.path.exists(filename) or not os.path.isfile(filename): return HTTPError(404, "File does not exist.") if not os.access(filename, os.R_OK): return HTTPError(403, "You do not have permission to access this file.") if mimetype == 'auto': mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) if mimetype: header['Content-Type'] = mimetype if encoding: header['Content-Encoding'] = encoding elif mimetype: header['Content-Type'] = mimetype if download: download = os.path.basename(filename if download is True else download) header['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % download stats = os.stat(filename) header['Content-Length'] = stats.st_size lm = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime(stats.st_mtime)) header['Last-Modified'] = lm ims = request.environ.get('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE') if ims: ims = parse_date(ims.split(";")[0].strip()) if ims is not None and ims >= int(stats.st_mtime): header['Date'] = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime()) return HTTPResponse(status=304, header=header) body = '' if request.method == 'HEAD' else open(filename, 'rb') return HTTPResponse(body, header=header) ############################################################################### # HTTP Utilities and MISC (TODO) ############################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]def debug(mode=True): """ Change the debug level. There is only one debug level supported at the moment.""" global DEBUG DEBUG = bool(mode)
[docs]def parse_date(ims): """ Parse rfc1123, rfc850 and asctime timestamps and return UTC epoch. """ try: ts = email.utils.parsedate_tz(ims) return time.mktime(ts[:8] + (0,)) - (ts[9] or 0) - time.timezone except (TypeError, ValueError, IndexError, OverflowError): return None
[docs]def parse_auth(header): """ Parse rfc2617 HTTP authentication header string (basic) and return (user,pass) tuple or None""" try: method, data = header.split(None, 1) if method.lower() == 'basic': # TODO: Add 2to3 save base64[encode/decode] functions. user, pwd = touni(base64.b64decode(tob(data))).split(':', 1) return user, pwd except (KeyError, ValueError): return None
def _lscmp(a, b): ''' Compares two strings in a cryptographically save way: Runtime is not affected by length of common prefix. ''' return not sum(0 if x == y else 1 for x, y in zip(a, b)) and len(a) == len(b)
[docs]def yieldroutes(func): """ Return a generator for routes that match the signature (name, args) of the func parameter. This may yield more than one route if the function takes optional keyword arguments. The output is best described by example:: a() -> '/a' b(x, y) -> '/b/:x/:y' c(x, y=5) -> '/c/:x' and '/c/:x/:y' d(x=5, y=6) -> '/d' and '/d/:x' and '/d/:x/:y' """ import inspect # Expensive module. Only import if necessary. path = '/' + func.__name__.replace('__', '/').lstrip('/') spec = inspect.getargspec(func) argc = len(spec[0]) - len(spec[3] or []) path += ('/:%s' * argc) % tuple(spec[0][:argc]) yield path for arg in spec[0][argc:]: path += '/:%s' % arg yield path
[docs]def path_shift(script_name, path_info, shift=1): ''' Shift path fragments from PATH_INFO to SCRIPT_NAME and vice versa. :return: The modified paths.:param script_name: The SCRIPT_NAME path.:param script_name: The PATH_INFO path.:param shift: The number of path fragments to shift. May be negative to change the shift direction. (default: 1) ''' if shift == 0: return script_name, path_info pathlist = path_info.strip('/').split('/') scriptlist = script_name.strip('/').split('/') if pathlist and pathlist[0] == '': pathlist = [] if scriptlist and scriptlist[0] == '': scriptlist = [] if shift > 0 and shift <= len(pathlist): moved = pathlist[:shift] scriptlist = scriptlist + moved pathlist = pathlist[shift:] elif shift < 0 and shift >= -len(scriptlist): moved = scriptlist[shift:] pathlist = moved + pathlist scriptlist = scriptlist[:shift] else: empty = 'SCRIPT_NAME' if shift < 0 else 'PATH_INFO' raise AssertionError("Cannot shift. Nothing left from %s" % empty) new_script_name = '/' + '/'.join(scriptlist) new_path_info = '/' + '/'.join(pathlist) if path_info.endswith('/') and pathlist: new_path_info += '/' return new_script_name, new_path_info # Decorators # TODO: Replace default_app() with app()
[docs]def validate(**vkargs): """ Validates and manipulates keyword arguments by user defined callables. Handles ValueError and missing arguments by raising HTTPError(403). """ def decorator(func): def wrapper(**kargs): for key, value in vkargs.iteritems(): if key not in kargs: abort(403, 'Missing parameter: %s' % key) try: kargs[key] = value(kargs[key]) except ValueError: abort(403, 'Wrong parameter format for: %s' % key) return func(**kargs) return wrapper return decorator
[docs]def auth_basic(check, realm="private", text="Access denied"): ''' Callback decorator to require HTTP auth (basic). TODO: Add route(check_auth=...) parameter. ''' def decorator(func): def wrapper(*a, **ka): user, password = request.auth or (None, None) if user is None or not check(user, password): response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="%s"' % realm return HTTPError(401, text) return func(*a, **ka) return wrapper return decorator
[docs]def make_default_app_wrapper(name): ''' Return a callable that relays calls to the current default app. ''' @functools.wraps(getattr(Bottle, name)) def wrapper(*a, **ka): return getattr(app(), name)(*a, **ka) return wrapper
for name in '''route get post put delete error mount hook install uninstall'''.split(): globals()[name] = make_default_app_wrapper(name) url = make_default_app_wrapper('get_url') del name ############################################################################### # Server Adapter ############################################################### ###############################################################################
[docs]class ServerAdapter(object): quiet = False def __init__(self, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, **config): self.options = config self.host = host self.port = int(port)
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover pass
def __repr__(self): args = ', '.join(['%s=%s' % (k, repr(v)) for k, v in self.options.items()]) return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, args)
[docs]class CGIServer(ServerAdapter): quiet = True
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler def fixed_environ(environ, start_response): environ.setdefault('PATH_INFO', '') return handler(environ, start_response) CGIHandler().run(fixed_environ)
[docs]class FlupFCGIServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover import flup.server.fcgi kwargs = {'bindAddress': (self.host, self.port)} kwargs.update(self.options) # allow to override bindAddress and others flup.server.fcgi.WSGIServer(handler, **kwargs).run()
[docs]class FlupSCGIServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover import flup.server.scgi kwargs = {'bindAddress': (self.host, self.port)} kwargs.update(self.options) # allow to override bindAddress and others flup.server.scgi.WSGIServer(handler, **kwargs).run()
[docs]class WSGIRefServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server, WSGIRequestHandler print "Launching Swsgi backend" if self.quiet: class QuietHandler(WSGIRequestHandler): def log_request(*args, **kw): pass self.options['handler_class'] = QuietHandler srv = make_server(self.host, self.port, handler, **self.options) srv.serve_forever() # Shinken: add WSGIRefServerSelect
[docs]class WSGIRefServerSelect(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server, WSGIRequestHandler if self.quiet: class QuietHandler(WSGIRequestHandler): def log_request(*args, **kw): pass self.options['handler_class'] = QuietHandler srv = make_server(self.host, self.port, handler, **self.options) # srv.serve_forever() return srv
[docs]class CherryPyServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover from cherrypy import wsgiserver print "Launching CherryPy backend" server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler) try: server.start() finally: server.stop()
[docs]class PasteServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover from paste import httpserver print "Launching Paste backend" if not self.quiet: from paste.translogger import TransLogger handler = TransLogger(handler) httpserver.serve(handler, host=self.host, port=str(self.port), **self.options)
[docs]class MeinheldServer(ServerAdapter):
[docs] def run(self, handler): from meinheld import server server.listen((self.host, self.port)) server.run(handler)
[docs]class FapwsServer(ServerAdapter): """ Extremely fast webserver using libev. See http://www.fapws.org/ """
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover import fapws._evwsgi as evwsgi from fapws import base, config port = self.port if float(config.SERVER_IDENT[-2:]) > 0.4: # fapws3 silently changed its API in 0.5 port = str(port) evwsgi.start(self.host, port) # fapws3 never releases the GIL. Complain upstream. I tried. No luck. if 'BOTTLE_CHILD' in os.environ and not self.quiet: print "WARNING: Auto-reloading does not work with Fapws3." print " (Fapws3 breaks python thread support)" evwsgi.set_base_module(base) def app(environ, start_response): environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False return handler(environ, start_response) evwsgi.wsgi_cb(('', app)) evwsgi.run()
[docs]class TornadoServer(ServerAdapter): """ The super hyped asynchronous server by facebook. Untested. """
[docs] def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover import tornado.wsgi import tornado.httpserver import tornado.ioloop container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(handler) server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container) server.listen(port=self.port) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
[docs]class AppEngineServer(ServerAdapter): """ Adapter for Google App Engine. """ quiet = True
[docs] def run(self, handler): from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util # A main() function in the handler script enables 'App Caching'. # Lets makes sure it is there. This _really_ improves performance. module = sys.modules.get('__main__') if module and not hasattr(module, 'main'): module.main = lambda: util.run_wsgi_app(handler) util.run_wsgi_app(handler)
[docs]class TwistedServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from twisted.web import server, wsgi from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool from twisted.internet import reactor thread_pool = ThreadPool() thread_pool.start() reactor.addSystemEventTrigger('after', 'shutdown', thread_pool.stop) factory = server.Site(wsgi.WSGIResource(reactor, thread_pool, handler)) reactor.listenTCP(self.port, factory, interface=self.host) reactor.run()
[docs]class DieselServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from diesel.protocols.wsgi import WSGIApplication app = WSGIApplication(handler, port=self.port) app.run()
[docs]class GeventServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. Options: * `monkey` (default: True) fixes the stdlib to use greenthreads. * `fast` (default: False) uses libevent's http server, but has some issues: No streaming, no pipelining, no SSL. """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from gevent import wsgi as wsgi_fast, pywsgi, monkey if self.options.get('monkey', True): monkey.patch_all() wsgi = wsgi_fast if self.options.get('fast') else pywsgi wsgi.WSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler).serve_forever()
[docs]class GunicornServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from gunicorn.arbiter import Arbiter from gunicorn.config import Config handler.cfg = Config({'bind': "%s:%d" % (self.host, self.port), 'workers': 4}) arbiter = Arbiter(handler) arbiter.run()
[docs]class EventletServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from eventlet import wsgi, listen wsgi.server(listen((self.host, self.port)), handler)
[docs]class RocketServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. As requested in issue 63 https://github.com/defnull/bottle/issues/#issue/63 """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from rocket import Rocket server = Rocket((self.host, self.port), 'wsgi', {'wsgi_app': handler}) server.start()
[docs]class BjoernServer(ServerAdapter): """ Screamingly fast server written in C: https://github.com/jonashaag/bjoern """
[docs] def run(self, handler): from bjoern import run run(handler, self.host, self.port)
[docs]class AutoServer(ServerAdapter): """ Untested. """ adapters = [PasteServer, CherryPyServer, TwistedServer, WSGIRefServer]
[docs] def run(self, handler): for sa in self.adapters: try: return sa(self.host, self.port, **self.options).run(handler) except ImportError: pass # Shinken: add 'wsgirefselect': WSGIRefServerSelect,
server_names = { 'cgi': CGIServer, 'flup': FlupFCGIServer, 'flupscgi': FlupSCGIServer, 'wsgiref': WSGIRefServer, 'wsgirefselect': WSGIRefServerSelect, 'cherrypy': CherryPyServer, 'paste': PasteServer, 'fapws3': FapwsServer, 'tornado': TornadoServer, 'gae': AppEngineServer, 'diesel': DieselServer, 'meinheld': MeinheldServer, 'gunicorn': GunicornServer, 'eventlet': EventletServer, 'gevent': GeventServer, 'rocket': RocketServer, 'bjoern': BjoernServer, 'auto': AutoServer, } ############################################################################### # Application Control ########################################################## ############################################################################### def _load(target, **vars): """ Fetch something from a module. The exact behavior depends on the target string: If the target is a valid python import path (e.g. `package.module`), the rightmost part is returned as a module object. If the target contains a colon (e.g. `package.module:var`) the module variable specified after the colon is returned. If the part after the colon contains any non-alphanumeric characters (e.g. `package.module:func(var)`) the result of the expression is returned. The expression has access to keyword arguments supplied to this function. Example:: >>> _load('bottle') <module 'bottle' from 'bottle.py'> >>> _load('bottle:Bottle') <class 'bottle.Bottle'> >>> _load('bottle:cookie_encode(v, secret)', v='foo', secret='bar') '!F+hN4dQxaDJ4QxxaZ+Z3jw==?gAJVA2Zvb3EBLg==' """ module, target = target.split(":", 1) if ':' in target else (target, None) if module not in sys.modules: __import__(module) if not target: return sys.modules[module] if target.isalnum(): return getattr(sys.modules[module], target) package_name = module.split('.')[0] vars[package_name] = sys.modules[package_name] return eval('%s.%s' % (module, target), vars)
[docs]def load_app(target): """ Load a bottle application based on a target string and return the application object. If the target is an import path (e.g. package.module), the application stack is used to isolate the routes defined in that module. If the target contains a colon (e.g. package.module:myapp) the module variable specified after the colon is returned instead. """ tmp = app.push() # Create a new "default application" rv = _load(target) # Import the target module app.remove(tmp) # Remove the temporary added default application return rv if isinstance(rv, Bottle) else tmp # Shinken: add the return of the server
[docs]def run(app=None, server='wsgiref', host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, interval=1, reloader=False, quiet=False, **kargs): """ Start a server instance. This method blocks until the server terminates.:param app: WSGI application or target string supported by :func:`load_app`. (default: :func:`default_app`):param server: Server adapter to use. See :data:`server_names` keys for valid names or pass a :class:`ServerAdapter` subclass. (default: `wsgiref`):param host: Server address to bind to. Pass ``0.0.0.0`` to listens on all interfaces including the external one. (default: 127.0.0.1):param port: Server port to bind to. Values below 1024 require root privileges. (default: 8080):param reloader: Start auto-reloading server? (default: False):param interval: Auto-reloader interval in seconds (default: 1):param quiet: Suppress output to stdout and stderr? (default: False):param options: Options passed to the server adapter. """ # Shinken res = None app = app or default_app() if isinstance(app, basestring): app = load_app(app) if isinstance(server, basestring): server = server_names.get(server) if isinstance(server, type): server = server(host=host, port=port, **kargs) if not isinstance(server, ServerAdapter): raise RuntimeError("Server must be a subclass of ServerAdapter") server.quiet = server.quiet or quiet if not server.quiet and not os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD'): print "Bottle server starting up (using %s)..." % repr(server) print "Listening on http://%s:%d/" % (server.host, server.port) print "Use Ctrl-C to quit." print try: if reloader: interval = min(interval, 1) if os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD'): _reloader_child(server, app, interval) else: _reloader_observer(server, app, interval) else: # Shinken res = server.run(app) except KeyboardInterrupt: pass if not server.quiet and not os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD'): print "Shutting down..." # Shinken return res
[docs]class FileCheckerThread(threading.Thread): ''' Thread that periodically checks for changed module files. ''' def __init__(self, lockfile, interval): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.lockfile, self.interval = lockfile, interval # 1: lockfile to old; 2: lockfile missing # 3: module file changed; 5: external exit self.status = 0
[docs] def run(self): exists = os.path.exists mtime = lambda path: os.stat(path).st_mtime files = dict() for module in sys.modules.values(): path = getattr(module, '__file__', '') if path[-4:] in ('.pyo', '.pyc'): path = path[:-1] if path and exists(path): files[path] = mtime(path) while not self.status: for path, lmtime in files.iteritems(): if not exists(path) or mtime(path) > lmtime: self.status = 3 if not exists(self.lockfile): self.status = 2 elif mtime(self.lockfile) < time.time() - self.interval - 5: self.status = 1 if not self.status: time.sleep(self.interval) if self.status != 5: thread.interrupt_main()
def _reloader_child(server, app, interval): ''' Start the server and check for modified files in a background thread. As soon as an update is detected, KeyboardInterrupt is thrown in the main thread to exit the server loop. The process exists with status code 3 to request a reload by the observer process. If the lockfile is not modified in 2*interval second or missing, we assume that the observer process died and exit with status code 1 or 2. ''' lockfile = os.environ.get('BOTTLE_LOCKFILE') bgcheck = FileCheckerThread(lockfile, interval) try: bgcheck.start() server.run(app) except KeyboardInterrupt: pass bgcheck.status, status = 5, bgcheck.status bgcheck.join() # bgcheck.status == 5 --> silent exit if status: sys.exit(status) def _reloader_observer(server, app, interval): ''' Start a child process with identical commandline arguments and restart it as long as it exists with status code 3. Also create a lockfile and touch it (update mtime) every interval seconds. ''' fd, lockfile = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='bottle-reloader.', suffix='.lock') os.close(fd) # We only need this file to exist. We never write to it try: while os.path.exists(lockfile): args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv environ = os.environ.copy() environ['BOTTLE_CHILD'] = 'true' environ['BOTTLE_LOCKFILE'] = lockfile p = subprocess.Popen(args, env=environ) while p.poll() is None: # Busy wait... os.utime(lockfile, None) # I am alive! time.sleep(interval) if p.poll() != 3: if os.path.exists(lockfile): os.unlink(lockfile) sys.exit(p.poll()) elif not server.quiet: print "Reloading server..." except KeyboardInterrupt: pass if os.path.exists(lockfile): os.unlink(lockfile) ############################################################################### # Template Adapters ############################################################ ###############################################################################
[docs]class TemplateError(HTTPError): def __init__(self, message): HTTPError.__init__(self, 500, message)
[docs]class BaseTemplate(object): """ Base class and minimal API for template adapters """ extentions = ['tpl', 'html', 'thtml', 'stpl'] settings = {} # used in prepare() defaults = {} # used in render() def __init__(self, source=None, name=None, lookup=[], encoding='utf8', **settings): """ Create a new template. If the source parameter (str or buffer) is missing, the name argument is used to guess a template filename. Subclasses can assume that self.source and/or self.filename are set. Both are strings. The lookup, encoding and settings parameters are stored as instance variables. The lookup parameter stores a list containing directory paths. The encoding parameter should be used to decode byte strings or files. The settings parameter contains a dict for engine-specific settings. """ self.name = name self.source = source.read() if hasattr(source, 'read') else source self.filename = source.filename if hasattr(source, 'filename') else None self.lookup = map(os.path.abspath, lookup) self.encoding = encoding self.settings = self.settings.copy() # Copy from class variable self.settings.update(settings) # Apply if not self.source and self.name: self.filename = self.search(self.name, self.lookup) if not self.filename: raise TemplateError('Template %s not found.' % repr(name)) if not self.source and not self.filename: raise TemplateError('No template specified.') self.prepare(**self.settings) @classmethod
[docs] def search(cls, name, lookup=[]): """ Search name in all directories specified in lookup. First without, then with common extensions. Return first hit. """ if os.path.isfile(name): return name for spath in lookup: fname = os.path.join(spath, name) if os.path.isfile(fname): return fname for ext in cls.extentions: if os.path.isfile('%s.%s' % (fname, ext)): return '%s.%s' % (fname, ext)
@classmethod
[docs] def global_config(cls, key, *args): ''' This reads or sets the global settings stored in class.settings. ''' if args: cls.settings[key] = args[0] else: return cls.settings[key]
[docs] def prepare(self, **options): """ Run preparations (parsing, caching, ...). It should be possible to call this again to refresh a template or to update settings. """ raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Render the template with the specified local variables and return a single byte or unicode string. If it is a byte string, the encoding must match self.encoding. This method must be thread-safe! Local variables may be provided in dictionaries (*args) or directly, as keywords (**kwargs). """ raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class MakoTemplate(BaseTemplate):
[docs] def prepare(self, **options): from mako.template import Template from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup options.update({'input_encoding': self.encoding}) options.setdefault('format_exceptions', bool(DEBUG)) lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=self.lookup, **options) if self.source: self.tpl = Template(self.source, lookup=lookup, **options) else: self.tpl = Template(uri=self.name, filename=self.filename, lookup=lookup, **options)
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) _defaults = self.defaults.copy() _defaults.update(kwargs) return self.tpl.render(**_defaults)
[docs]class CheetahTemplate(BaseTemplate):
[docs] def prepare(self, **options): from Cheetah.Template import Template self.context = threading.local() self.context.vars = {} options['searchList'] = [self.context.vars] if self.source: self.tpl = Template(source=self.source, **options) else: self.tpl = Template(file=self.filename, **options)
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) self.context.vars.update(self.defaults) self.context.vars.update(kwargs) out = str(self.tpl) self.context.vars.clear() return out
[docs]class Jinja2Template(BaseTemplate):
[docs] def prepare(self, filters=None, tests=None, **kwargs): from jinja2 import Environment, FunctionLoader if 'prefix' in kwargs: # TODO: to be removed after a while raise RuntimeError('The keyword argument `prefix` has been removed. ' 'Use the full jinja2 environment name line_statement_prefix' 'instead.') self.env = Environment(loader=FunctionLoader(self.loader), **kwargs) if filters: self.env.filters.update(filters) if tests: self.env.tests.update(tests) if self.source: self.tpl = self.env.from_string(self.source) else: self.tpl = self.env.get_template(self.filename)
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) _defaults = self.defaults.copy() _defaults.update(kwargs) return self.tpl.render(**_defaults)
[docs] def loader(self, name): fname = self.search(name, self.lookup) if fname: with open(fname, "rb") as f: return f.read().decode(self.encoding)
[docs]class SimpleTALTemplate(BaseTemplate): ''' Untested! '''
[docs] def prepare(self, **options): from simpletal import simpleTAL # TODO: add option to load METAL files during render if self.source: self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(self.source) else: with open(self.filename, 'rb') as fp: self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(tonat(fp.read()))
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): from simpletal import simpleTALES from StringIO import StringIO for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) # TODO: maybe reuse a context instead of always creating one context = simpleTALES.Context() for k, v in self.defaults.items(): context.addGlobal(k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items(): context.addGlobal(k, v) output = StringIO() self.tpl.expand(context, output) return output.getvalue()
[docs]class SimpleTemplate(BaseTemplate): blocks = ('if', 'elif', 'else', 'try', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'while', 'with', 'def', 'class') dedent_blocks = ('elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally') @lazy_attribute def re_pytokens(cls): ''' This matches comments and all kinds of quoted strings but does NOT match comments (#...) within quoted strings. (trust me) ''' return re.compile(r''' (''(?!')|""(?!")|'{6}|"{6} # Empty strings (all 4 types) |'(?:[^\\']|\\.)+?' # Single quotes (') |"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)+?" # Double quotes (") |'{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?'{3} # Triple-quoted strings (') |"{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?"{3} # Triple-quoted strings (") |\#.* # Comments )''', re.VERBOSE)
[docs] def prepare(self, escape_func=cgi.escape, noescape=False): self.cache = {} enc = self.encoding self._str = lambda x: touni(x, enc) self._escape = lambda x: escape_func(touni(x, enc)) if noescape: self._str, self._escape = self._escape, self._str
@classmethod
[docs] def split_comment(cls, code): """ Removes comments (#...) from python code. """ if '#' not in code: return code #: Remove comments only (leave quoted strings as they are) subf = lambda m: '' if m.group(0)[0] == '#' else m.group(0) return re.sub(cls.re_pytokens, subf, code)
@cached_property
[docs] def co(self): return compile(self.code, self.filename or '<string>', 'exec')
@cached_property
[docs] def code(self): stack = [] # Current Code indentation lineno = 0 # Current line of code ptrbuffer = [] # Buffer for printable strings and token tuple instances codebuffer = [] # Buffer for generated python code multiline = dedent = oneline = False template = self.source if self.source else open(self.filename).read() def yield_tokens(line): for i, part in enumerate(re.split(r'\{\{(.*?)\}\}', line)): if i % 2: if part.startswith('!'): yield 'RAW', part[1:] else: yield 'CMD', part else: yield 'TXT', part def flush(): # Flush the ptrbuffer if not ptrbuffer: return cline = '' for line in ptrbuffer: for token, value in line: if token == 'TXT': cline += repr(value) elif token == 'RAW': cline += '_str(%s)' % value elif token == 'CMD': cline += '_escape(%s)' % value cline += ', ' cline = cline[:-2] + '\\\n' cline = cline[:-2] if cline[:-1].endswith('\\\\\\\\\\n'): cline = cline[:-7] + cline[-1] # 'nobr\\\\\n' --> 'nobr' cline = '_printlist([' + cline + '])' del ptrbuffer[:] # Do this before calling code() again code(cline) def code(stmt): for line in stmt.splitlines(): codebuffer.append(' ' * len(stack) + line.strip()) for line in template.splitlines(True): lineno += 1 line = line if isinstance(line, unicode)\ else unicode(line, encoding=self.encoding) if lineno <= 2: m = re.search(r"%.*coding[:=]\s*([-\w\.]+)", line) if m: self.encoding = m.group(1) if m: line = line.replace('coding', 'coding (removed)') if line.strip()[:2].count('%') == 1: line = line.split('%', 1)[1].lstrip() # Full line following the % cline = self.split_comment(line).strip() cmd = re.split(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]', cline)[0] flush() # encoding (TODO: why?) if cmd in self.blocks or multiline: cmd = multiline or cmd dedent = cmd in self.dedent_blocks # "else:" if dedent and not oneline and not multiline: cmd = stack.pop() code(line) oneline = not cline.endswith(':') # "if 1: pass" multiline = cmd if cline.endswith('\\') else False if not oneline and not multiline: stack.append(cmd) elif cmd == 'end' and stack: code('#end(%s) %s' % (stack.pop(), line.strip()[3:])) elif cmd == 'include': p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] if len(p) == 2: code("_=_include(%s, _stdout, %s)" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) elif p: code("_=_include(%s, _stdout)" % repr(p[0])) else: # Empty %include -> reverse of %rebase code("_printlist(_base)") elif cmd == 'rebase': p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] if len(p) == 2: code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, dict(%s))" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) elif p: code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, {})" % repr(p[0])) else: code(line) else: # Line starting with text (not '%') or '%%' (escaped) if line.strip().startswith('%%'): line = line.replace('%%', '%', 1) ptrbuffer.append(yield_tokens(line)) flush() return '\n'.join(codebuffer) + '\n'
[docs] def subtemplate(self, _name, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) if _name not in self.cache: self.cache[_name] = self.__class__(name=_name, lookup=self.lookup) return self.cache[_name].execute(_stdout, kwargs)
[docs] def execute(self, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) env = self.defaults.copy() env.update({'_stdout': _stdout, '_printlist': _stdout.extend, '_include': self.subtemplate, '_str': self._str, '_escape': self._escape}) env.update(kwargs) eval(self.co, env) if '_rebase' in env: subtpl, rargs = env['_rebase'] subtpl = self.__class__(name=subtpl, lookup=self.lookup) rargs['_base'] = _stdout[:] # copy stdout del _stdout[:] # clear stdout return subtpl.execute(_stdout, rargs) return env
[docs] def render(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Render the template using keyword arguments as local variables. """ for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) stdout = [] self.execute(stdout, kwargs) return ''.join(stdout)
[docs]def template(*args, **kwargs): ''' Get a rendered template as a string iterator. You can use a name, a filename or a template string as first parameter. Template rendering arguments can be passed as dictionaries or directly (as keyword arguments). ''' tpl = args[0] if args else None template_adapter = kwargs.pop('template_adapter', SimpleTemplate) if tpl not in TEMPLATES or DEBUG: settings = kwargs.pop('template_settings', {}) lookup = kwargs.pop('template_lookup', TEMPLATE_PATH) if isinstance(tpl, template_adapter): TEMPLATES[tpl] = tpl if settings: TEMPLATES[tpl].prepare(**settings) elif "\n" in tpl or "{" in tpl or "%" in tpl or '$' in tpl: TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(source=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) else: TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(name=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) if not TEMPLATES[tpl]: abort(500, 'Template (%s) not found' % tpl) for dictarg in args[1:]: kwargs.update(dictarg) return TEMPLATES[tpl].render(kwargs)
mako_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) cheetah_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) jinja2_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) simpletal_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate)
[docs]def view(tpl_name, **defaults): ''' Decorator: renders a template for a handler. The handler can control its behavior like that: - return a dict of template vars to fill out the template - return something other than a dict and the view decorator will not process the template, but return the handler result as is. This includes returning a HTTPResponse(dict) to get, for instance, JSON with autojson or other castfilters. ''' def decorator(func): @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): result = func(*args, **kwargs) if isinstance(result, (dict, DictMixin)): tplvars = defaults.copy() tplvars.update(result) return template(tpl_name, **tplvars) return result return wrapper return decorator
mako_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) cheetah_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) jinja2_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) simpletal_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate) ############################################################################### # Constants and Globals ######################################################## ############################################################################### TEMPLATE_PATH = ['./', './views/'] TEMPLATES = {} DEBUG = False #: A dict to map HTTP status codes (e.g. 404) to phrases (e.g. 'Not Found') HTTP_CODES = httplib.responses HTTP_CODES[418] = "I'm a teapot" # RFC 2324 _HTTP_STATUS_LINES = dict((k, '%d %s' % (k, v)) for (k, v) in HTTP_CODES.iteritems()) #: The default template used for error pages. Override with @error() # SHINKEN MOD: change from bottle import DEBUG to from shinken.webui.bottle import DEBUG,... ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE = """ %try: %from shinken.webui.bottlecore import DEBUG, HTTP_CODES, request, touni %status_name = HTTP_CODES.get(e.status, 'Unknown').title() <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</title> <style type="text/css"> html {background-color: #eee; font-family: sans;} body {background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 15px; margin: 15px;} pre {background-color: #eee; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;} </style> </head> <body> <h1>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</h1> <p>Sorry, the requested URL <tt>{{repr(request.url)}}</tt> caused an error:</p> <pre>{{e.output}}</pre> %if DEBUG and e.exception: <h2>Exception:</h2> <pre>{{repr(e.exception)}}</pre> %end %if DEBUG and e.traceback: <h2>Traceback:</h2> <pre>{{e.traceback}}</pre> %end </body> </html> %except ImportError: <b>ImportError:</b> Could not generate the error page. Please add bottle to the import path. %end """ #: A thread-save instance of :class:`Request` representing the `current` request. request = Request() #: A thread-save instance of :class:`Response` used to build the HTTP response. response = Response() #: A thread-save namespace. Not used by Bottle. local = threading.local() # Initialize app stack (create first empty Bottle app) # BC: 0.6.4 and needed for run() app = default_app = AppStack() app.push() #: A virtual package that redirects import statements. #: Example: ``import bottle.ext.sqlite`` actually imports `bottle_sqlite`. ext = _ImportRedirect(__name__ + '.ext', 'bottle_%s').module
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